In a set of experiments, the reagent placed at the top of the table column is added, one after another, to each reagent listed at the side. Complete the table below by writing the formula of any gas produced in each box. Put x in the box if there is no gas. The first column has already been filled in as an example.
In step 1, $\text{HCl}$ is the only by-product. State the reagent that was used to react with phenol in order to make compound $A$.
What kind of reaction takes place in step 2?
What reagents and conditions are needed for step 3?
State the reagent and conditions required to change $C$ back into $B$, the reverse of step 3.
Either compound A or compound B, or both, react with the reagents below. For each reagent, draw the structure of the organic product formed with A, and with B. If there is no reaction, write ‘no reaction’ in the appropriate box.
Select one of the reactions above so that you can distinguish between A and B. State the observations you would make with each compound in the space below.