Complete the equation for the reaction of $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$ with this catalyst so that $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5^+$ is formed as one product. $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \ldots \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_5^+ + \ldots$
Ethylbenzene reacts with more $\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{Cl}$, producing a mixture that contains 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene.
Draw the structures of 1,2-diethylbenzene and 1,4-diethylbenzene.
Explain why there is very little 1,3-diethylbenzene in the product mixture.
1,2-diethylbenzene can be oxidised to benzene-1,2-dioic acid, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{COOH})_2$.
State the reagent and conditions used for this reaction.
Complete the overall equation for this reaction. An oxygen atom from the oxidising agent is shown as $[\text{O}]$. All of the atoms in the two ethyl groups are fully oxidised in this reaction. $(1,2\text{-diethylbenzene}) + \ldots [\text{O}] \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{COOH})_2 + \ldots + \ldots$
Predict the number of peaks in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of benzene-1,2-dioic acid.
The proton ($^1\text{H}$) NMR spectra of ethylbenzene, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{C}_2\text{H}_5$, in $\text{CDCl}_3$ and of benzene-1,2-dioic acid, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{COOH})_2$, in $\text{CDCl}_3$ are shown. They have not been identified.
Explain the use of $\text{CDCl}_3$, instead of $\text{CHCl}_3$, as the solvent when obtaining these spectra.
Identify the substance shown by the spectrum in Fig. 6.1, and complete Table 6.1.
Identify the substance shown by the spectrum in Fig. 6.2, and complete Table 6.2.
When D$_2$O is used as a solvent, the spectrum obtained is different from the spectrum in Fig. 6.2. Describe this difference and explain your answer.
Benzene-1,2-dioic acid can be used to produce K. Suggest the name of this type of reaction.