Compare the relative acidities of A, B and C. Explain your answer.
Methylbenzene, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}_3$, may be prepared from benzene by electrophilic substitution. Identify a compound that reacts with benzene to produce methylbenzene. Identify the catalyst used.
The first step in the reaction is the formation of the $\text{CH}_3^+$ electrophile. Write an equation for the reaction that produces this electrophile.
Describe the mechanism for the reaction between benzene and the $\text{CH}_3^+$ electrophile. Include all relevant curly arrows and charges.
Identify a suitable reagent to oxidise methylbenzene to benzoic acid, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH$. Write an equation for this reaction using $[\text{O}]$ to represent one atom of oxygen from the oxidising agent.
Methylbenzene and benzoic acid are each nitrated with concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid to form mononitrated products. Their structural formulae are $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{NO}_2$ and $\text{HOOCC}_6\text{H}_4\text{NO}_2$ respectively. Draw the structures of these two products.
A reaction scheme is shown in Fig. 7.2. Describe the reagents and conditions needed to produce $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{N}_2^+\text{Cl}^-$ from $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{NH}_2$ in reaction 2.
Describe how $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{OH}$ can be produced from $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{N}_2^+\text{Cl}^-$ in reaction 3.
Draw the structure of the dye molecule Y formed when $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{N}_2^+\text{Cl}^-$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{OH}$ react together in reaction 4. Describe the conditions for this reaction.