(a)[1]
State the $\text{C--C--C}$ bond angle and the hybridisation of the carbon atoms in benzene.
(b(i))[1]
The first stage is the formation of the $^+\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ electrophile. Give an equation that produces this electrophile.
(b(ii))[3]
Describe the mechanism for the reaction of benzene with the $^+\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3$ electrophile. Show all the relevant curly arrows and charges.
(c(i))[1]
Identify a suitable reagent that can be used to show this difference in reactivity. The reagent selected should give visibly different outcomes with chlorobenzene and chloroethane.
(c(ii))[1]
Write equations for any reactions that occur.
(c(iii))[1]
Explain why chlorobenzene and chloroethane differ in reactivity in nucleophilic substitution reactions.