State the name of T.
Draw the skeletal formula of a structural isomer of T that exhibits cis-trans (geometrical) isomerism.
On the diagram, show the orbitals that represent the pi ($\pi$) bond also present in T.
State the hybridisation of the two carbon atoms between which the pi ($\pi$) bond forms.
Give the reagent(s) and conditions for reaction 1.
Every carbon atom in T forms a sigma ($\sigma$) bond to at least one other carbon atom, as shown.
A reaction scheme beginning with T is shown. Reaction 2 takes place in the presence of a catalyst; knowledge of the mechanism for this reaction is not required.
State and explain how 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) can be used to detect V as the product of reaction 2.
The progress of reaction 2 can be followed using infrared spectroscopy. The absorption due to O-H bonds is always present because water is used as the solvent. Identify two absorptions, and the bonds responsible for them, whose appearance changes significantly during the reaction.
V is involved in a wide range of organic reactions. Some reactions of V are shown.
V and W are colourless and soluble in water. State what you would observe in reaction 3.
Reaction 3 is a redox reaction. Identify which reactant is reduced in this reaction.
Construct an equation for reaction 4. Use $[\text{H}]$ in the equation to represent an atom of hydrogen from NaBH$_4$. $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O} + \ldots$
X is a mixture of two optical isomers. Draw the two optical isomers in the boxes provided.
Both optical isomers of X can be dehydrated to give a single product, Y. Give the reagent(s) and conditions required for reaction 5.
Y can form an addition polymer Z. Draw one repeat unit of Z.
Reaction 6 does not occur rapidly at room temperature. Suggest why this is the case.