Describe the arrangement of atoms in a benzene molecule, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$. Your response should cover the molecular shape, the relative C-C bond lengths, bond angles, carbon hybridisation, and the orbital overlap responsible for each bond type present.
Step 1 is benzene reacting with $\text{NO}_2^+$ ions. Finish the mechanism and draw the intermediate for step 1. Include every relevant charge and the curly arrows needed to show electron-pair movement.
State the mechanism name in (b)(i).
Benzene may be used as the starting material to make phenylamine in a two-step synthesis.
Identify the reagents required to make $\text{NO}_2^+$ ions. Write an equation that shows how these reagents generate $\text{NO}_2^+$ ions.
Give the reagents and conditions needed to produce phenylamine from nitrobenzene in step 2.
Phenylamine is treated with $\text{Br}_2\text{(aq)}$.
Write an equation for this reaction. Structural or displayed formulae may be used.
Name the organic product formed in this reaction.
Describe two observations visible when phenylamine reacts with $\text{Br}_2\text{(aq)}$.
Describe the relative basicities of ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine, beginning with the least basic. Explain your answer using their structures.
1,3-diaminopropane, $\text{H}_2\text{NCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2$, can be used to produce polyamides.
Identify one compound that could react with 1,3-diaminopropane to make a polyamide.
Draw a section of the polymer chain made from 1,3-diaminopropane and the compound you selected in (e)(i). Your answer should contain four monomer residues (two of each monomer type); show the amide link fully displayed; identify one repeat unit of this polymer clearly.