State the name of the process in which long-chain hydrocarbons are split into shorter-chain hydrocarbons.
Give one reason why hydrocarbons with low relative molecular mass, $M_r$, are suitable for use as fuels.
When hydrocarbons undergo incomplete combustion, carbon monoxide, $\text{CO}$, may be released into the atmosphere. Write an equation to show the formation of $\text{CO}$ from the incomplete combustion of butene, $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8$.
Identify an analytical technique that can be used to monitor the levels of $\text{CO}$ in the atmosphere. Describe how this analytical technique may be used to monitor the levels of $\text{CO}$.
Construct the equation for the complete combustion of thiophene, $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)}$. Show state symbols in your answer.
A student carries out an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)}$. Explain what is meant by the term enthalpy change of combustion.
The student uses the apparatus shown in the experiment. Calculate the heat energy released, in J, by the reaction. Assume that $4.18\,\text{J}$ of heat energy raises the temperature of $1.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of water by $1.0\,^\circ\text{C}$. Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings.
The student used $0.63\,\text{g}$ of $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)}$ in the experiment. Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of thiophene, $\Delta H_c(\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)})$. Give a sign in your answer.
The student uses the apparatus below in the experiment. Calculate the heat energy released, in J, by the reaction. Assume that $4.18\,\text{J}$ of heat energy increases the temperature of $1.0\,\text{cm}^3$ of water by $1.0\,^\circ\text{C}$. Assume no heat is lost to the surroundings.
The student used $0.63\,\text{g}$ of $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)}$ in the experiment. Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of thiophene, $\Delta H_c(\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{S(l)})$. Give a sign in your answer.