Explain what the term hydrocarbon means.
Explain what the term fractional distillation means.
Undecane, $\text{C}_{11}\text{H}_{24}$, is a long-chain hydrocarbon found in crude oil. Long-chain hydrocarbons like this are ‘cracked’ to make smaller alkane and alkene molecules. State the conditions for two different processes that can be used to crack long-chain molecules.
Undecane, $\text{C}_{11}\text{H}_{24}$, may be cracked to make pentane, $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$, and an alkene. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
Pentane, $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$, shows structural isomerism. Draw the three structural isomers of pentane.
The three pentane isomers have different boiling points. Which of your isomers has the highest boiling point? Suggest a reason for your answer.
Define the term standard enthalpy change of combustion.
When $0.47\,\text{g}$ of $E$ burned completely in air, the heat given out raised the temperature of $200\,\text{g}$ of water by $27.5\,^{\circ}\text{C}$. Assume that no heat was lost during the experiment. Use the relevant Data Booklet data to calculate the heat released in this experiment.
Use the information above and your answer to (i) to calculate the relative molecular mass, $M_r$, of $E$.
Deduce the molecular formula of $E$.