In the mechanism, methylbenzene reacts with a $\text{Br}^+$ ion. Bromine forms this ion when it reacts with the catalyst. Complete the equation for the reaction of $\text{Br}_2$ with the catalyst. $\text{Br}_2 + \ldots \longrightarrow \text{Br}^+ + \ldots$
One of the isomers of L is produced in much smaller amounts than the other two isomers. Draw the structure of this isomer and explain why it is formed in the smallest amount.
Complete the mechanism in Fig. 8.1 for the reaction of methylbenzene with the $\text{Br}^+$ ion. Include every relevant curly arrow and all charges.
Chlorobutane and chlorobenzene are each added separately to warm aqueous $\text{AgNO}_3$ samples. One of the chloro-compounds reacts slowly, while the other remains unreactive. Identify the chloro-compound that reacts and describe the observation.
Write two equations that explain the observations in (b)(i).
Explain why chlorobutane and chlorobenzene differ in their reactivity with warm aqueous $\text{AgNO}_3$.