What is meant by an addition reaction?
Complete Fig. 3.1 to show the mechanism for the addition reaction of $\text{C}_3\text{H}_6$ with HBr that forms 2-bromopropane. Show charges, dipoles, lone pairs of electrons and curly arrows where needed.
Explain why 2-bromopropane is formed in greater amount than 1-bromopropane in this reaction.
$\mathrm{H_2(g)}$ and nickel are added to alkene X. Fig. 3.2 shows the way the concentration of X varies with time. Use Fig. 3.2 to identify the limiting reagent in this reaction. Explain your answer.
Use Fig. 3.2 to describe how the gradient changes as the reaction proceeds. State what this indicates about the rate during this reaction.
Use Table 3.1 to calculate the enthalpy change per mole of $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{14}$ formed in this reaction.
Annotate Fig. 3.3 to show the effect of adding nickel to Y and $\mathrm{H_2}(g)$ at temperature $T$.
Area $B$ (not labelled on Fig. 3.3) shows the number of molecules with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy when nickel is added at temperature $T$. State the difference, if any, between areas A and B. Explain the importance of your answer for the rate of hydrogenation of Y. Give your answer in terms of collisions.
Suggest the structure of Z.