(a)[3]
State the hybridisation of the carbon atoms in benzene, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_6$, and give the C-C-H bond angle. Explain how orbital overlap results in the $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds in benzene.
(b(i))[2]
Compound Z is made from benzene in three steps by the pathway shown in Fig. 4.1. Draw the structures of X and Y in Fig. 4.1.
(b(ii))[3]
Give the reagents and conditions used in steps 1, 2 and 3.
(c)[1]
Compound W is an isomer of Z. State the systematic name for W.
(d)[1]
Complete Table 4.1 by showing the number of peaks seen in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum for W and Z.