Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons — practice question

Petrol, the fuel used in cars, contains molecule M. M is a saturated hydrocarbon with no ring structure, and it has eight carbon atoms.
(a(i))[2]

Give an equation for the complete combustion of M.

(a(ii))[2]

Describe how the products' composition changes when M undergoes incomplete combustion.

(b(i))[2]

When petrol burns in an internal combustion engine, oxides of nitrogen are released into the atmosphere. Suggest the conditions needed for oxides of nitrogen to form during the combustion of M in an internal combustion engine. Include an appropriate equation in your answer.

(b(ii))[3]

Describe how acid rain forms in the atmosphere when oxides of nitrogen and $\text{SO}_2$ are present. Identify the role played by the oxides of nitrogen in this process. Include all relevant equations.

(b(iii))[1]

State one other form of air pollution caused by oxides of nitrogen produced in an internal combustion engine.

(c(i))[1]

In step 1, all three ester groups in R react. Suggest a suitable reagent and the conditions for step 1.

(c(ii))[1]

In the box in Fig. 5.1, draw the structural formula of J.

(c(iii))[1]

Name the type of reaction that takes place in step 2.

(c(iv))[1]

Name the organic reagent G used in step 2.

(c(v))[1]

L has the name decanoic acid. Use systematic nomenclature to work out the name of T.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 15-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: The correct formula for $M$ is $\mathrm{C_8H_{18}}$.

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