What is meant by hydrocarbon?
Name the starting material used to make a sample of naphtha.
Compound $V$ is present in naphtha and has molecular formula $\text{C}_{10}\text{H}_{22}$. When $V$ is heated under high pressure and without air, equal moles of ethene, propene and $W$ are formed. $W$ is a straight-chain saturated compound. Name the process for this reaction.
Use the information to deduce the structure of $W$. Draw its structure below.
Propene is removed from the mixture and heated in air with a catalyst present. Propene is then oxidised to $X$, and $X$ contains two functional groups. When $\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3(aq)$ is added to $X$, fizzing is observed. Identify the functional group in $X$ responsible for this observation.
Identify a reagent that could be used to show that $X$ contains a $\text{C}=\text{C}$. Include the relevant observations.
$X$ reacts with another reagent to make $Y$. Molecules of $Y$ then join together to form the addition polymer $Z$. The diagram gives the repeat unit of polymer $Z$. Draw the structural formula of monomer $Y$.
$Z$ is useful because it can absorb large amounts of water. However, disposing of products that contain $Z$ causes problems. Burning pure $Z$ is not suitable because this process gives off harmful gases, some of which contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect. Identify a gas released when $Z$ burns that contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Identify one other gas that could be formed when pure $Z$ is burnt. Describe one consequence, other than the enhanced greenhouse effect, of its release into the atmosphere.