For this reaction, name the reaction type and identify the reagent and conditions required.
State the bond angles for benzene and cyclohexane. Explain your answers.
Draw the mechanism for the reaction between benzene and $\text{SO}_3\text{H}^+$ ions. Include every required curly arrow and charge.
Write an equation to show how the $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ catalyst is regenerated.
3-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid can be made from benzenesulfonic acid. Suggest the reagents and conditions and name the mechanism for this reaction.
Concentrated sulfuric acid dissociates in two steps: stage 1: $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{HSO}_4^-$; stage 2: $\text{HSO}_4^- \rightleftharpoons \text{H}^+ + \text{SO}_4^{2-}$ with $K_{a2} = 1.0 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant $K_{a2}$.
$\mathrm{H_2SO_4}$ is a strong acid, whereas $\mathrm{HSO_4^-}$ is a weak acid. Suggest how the size of the acid dissociation constant for stage 1 compares with $K_{a2}$.
Benzoic acid, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CO}_2\text{H}$, is a weak acid. A solution of $0.0250\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$ benzoic acid has a pH of 2.90. Calculate $K_a$ of benzoic acid.