Name a naturally occurring source of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and describe how the different hydrocarbons are separated from this source.
Alkanes are heated to high temperatures in the absence of air, causing the molecules to break into smaller molecules. Identify the reaction type.
Write an equation to show the reaction that happens when heptane, $\text{C}_7\text{H}_{16}$, is heated without air to produce only hexane, butane and ethene.
The equation for the complete combustion of ethene is shown: $\text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{CO}_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}$. Calculate the volume, in $\text{dm}^3$, of carbon dioxide produced by the complete combustion of $1.00\,\text{g}$ of ethene at room temperature and pressure.
During the first stage of the substitution reaction, chlorine forms chlorine free radicals. Explain what is meant by the term free radical.
Name and explain the type of bond breaking that takes place to form chlorine free radicals.
Name the stage of the reaction mechanism that happens when a methane molecule reacts with a chlorine free radical.
Complete the equation for the reaction that occurs when a methane molecule reacts with a chlorine free radical. $\text{CH}_4 + \cdot\text{Cl} \rightarrow$ ________ $+$ ________
Carbon atoms can form $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds within hydrocarbon molecules. Explain the statement below with reference to $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds. Alkenes react with electrophiles but alkanes do not.