Explain what is meant by structural isomers.
Explain how $sp^2$ and $sp^3$ hybridisation can happen in carbon atoms.
State the bond angles usually linked with each type of hybridisation in carbon atoms.
R has two different functional groups, one of which is an alkene group. R reacts with cold, dilute, acidified manganate(VII) ions to produce propane-1,2,3-triol. Give the displayed formula of R.
State the reaction type and what you would observe when R reacts with bromine water.
Draw the structure of the product formed when R reacts with bromine water.
Identify the gaseous product formed when R reacts with hot, concentrated, acidified manganate(VII) ions.
P and Q ($\text{C}_3\text{H}_6\text{O}$) each form an orange precipitate with 2,4-DNPH. Only Q gives a yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine. Name P and Q.
Identify the yellow precipitate formed by the reaction of Q with alkaline aqueous iodine.
P and Q each react with hydrogen cyanide to form a single product. The product from P exists as a pair of optical isomers. The product from Q does not show optical isomerism. Explain the meaning of the term optical isomers.
Ethanal, $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$, also reacts with hydrogen cyanide. The product of this reaction is $\text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)CN}$. Draw the mechanism of this reaction. Include all necessary charges, dipoles, lone pairs and curly arrows.
Ethanal, $\text{CH}_3\text{CHO}$, also reacts with hydrogen cyanide. The product of this reaction is $\text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)CN}$. Draw the mechanism of this reaction. Include all necessary charges, dipoles, lone pairs and curly arrows.