Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons — practice question

Crude oil is a blend of hydrocarbons and, after processing, it supplies many useful chemicals. Two of the stages used in crude oil processing are fractional distillation and cracking.
(a)

This diagram shows a simplified version of a fractional distillation column.

(a(i))[1]

What must be done to the crude oil before it goes into the column?

(a(ii))[1]

What structural trend is seen from fraction A to fraction F?

(a(iii))[2]

State the trends in two properties of the fractions from A to F.

(b(i))[1]

The naphtha fraction obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil is used as the feedstock for cracking. Write an equation for the cracking of $\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{26}$ to make ethene and one other hydrocarbon in a $2:1$ mole ratio.

(b(ii))[4]

Suggest a use for each of the products from your equation in (i). Explain why each product from (i) is suitable for the use you suggest. use of ethene explanation use of other product explanation

(c(i))[2]

Burning hydrocarbons can lead to a range of environmental issues. The products of internal combustion engines can include oxides of nitrogen and oxides of carbon. Sulfur dioxide is a by-product of coal burning in power stations. Explain how and why oxides of nitrogen are produced in internal combustion engines.

(c(ii))[1]

Write an equation for the reaction of nitrogen monoxide with carbon monoxide in a catalytic converter.

(c(iii))[3]

Write equations to show how nitrogen monoxide is involved in the formation of acid rain from atmospheric sulfur dioxide.

(c(iv))[2]

Describe two problems linked to acid rain.

(c)

Burning hydrocarbons can lead to a range of environmental issues. The products of internal combustion engines can include oxides of nitrogen and oxides of carbon. Sulfur dioxide is a by-product of coal burning in power stations.

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