(a)[2]
Give the names of one physical process and one chemical process that are used in processing crude oil.
(b(i))[2]
Explain the low reactivity of alkanes.
(b(ii))[1]
State the bond angles for ethane and ethene molecules.
(b(iii))[1]
State the shape of each molecule in terms of the arrangement of the atoms bonded to each carbon atom: ethane and ethene.
(b(iv))[1]
Explain why these molecules have different shapes by referring to the carbon-carbon bonds present.
(c(i))[5]
Use a sequence of equations to describe the mechanism for the reaction of ethane with chlorine to form chloroethane. Name the stages in this reaction.
(c(ii))[1]
Write an equation to show how butane may form as a side-product of this reaction.