Using the metre scale shown, indicate the upper and lower ends of the size range for nanoparticles.
One of the best-known nanoparticles is the ‘buckyball’, a spherical carbon structure containing $60$ carbon atoms. It has been called the third allotrope of carbon. Diamond and graphite are two further allotropes of carbon. Suggest what is meant by the term allotrope.
Nanoparticles are used to deliver drugs into cells. Suggest which property of nanoparticles makes this possible. Explain your answer.
What type of reaction converts the copper in the ore into copper metal?
Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in chalcopyrite, $\text{CuFeS}_2$.
If the ore has $2\%$ chalcopyrite by mass, calculate how much copper can be obtained from each tonne of ore.
Some bacteria can remove copper from the ‘spoil’ heaps left after previous copper ore mining. These bacteria are sprayed onto the spoil heaps in an aqueous solution, and the solution produced, containing iron(II) sulfate and copper(II) sulfate, is collected in tanks. Suggest how the copper could be obtained as a metal.