For each reaction shown, state the reagent(s), any particular conditions needed, and the reaction type. For the reaction type choose from the list: elimination, hydrolysis, substitution, oxidation, addition, condensation.
Complete the diagram to show the $\text{S}_\text{N}2$ mechanism of reaction 1. $R$ represents the $\text{CH}_3(\text{CH}_2)_2$ group. Include all required charges, dipoles, lone pairs and curly arrows.
Define the term structural isomer and name the three different types of structural isomerism.
2-bromo-2-methylpropane is treated with the same reagents as in reaction 1. Methylpropan-2-ol is formed. Identify the mechanism for this reaction. Explain why this reaction follows a different mechanism from reaction 1.
Explain the meaning of the term stereoisomers.
Give two reasons why but-1-ene does not show stereoisomerism.
Name $X$ and $Y$.
Name the type of stereoisomerism shown by $X$.
Use the conventional representation to draw the two stereoisomers of $X$.