Describe the pattern in the thermal stabilities of the carbonates of the Group 2 elements. Explain your answer.
Copper(II) carbonate breaks down on heating in a similar manner to the carbonates of Group 2. Write an equation for the decomposition of copper(II) carbonate.
Complete the electrons in boxes diagram in Fig. 1.1 to display the electronic configuration of a copper(II) ion.
There are five distinct $3d$ orbitals. Sketch the form of a $3d_{z^2}$ orbital in Fig. 1.2.
Copper can form stable complexes in the $+1$ and $+2$ oxidation states. Explain why transition elements show variable oxidation states.
1,2-diaminoethane, $\text{H}_2\text{NCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2$, $en$, can function as a bidentate ligand. Explain what is meant by a bidentate ligand.
The complex $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_2(en)_2]^{2+}$ exists as stereoisomers. Finish the three-dimensional diagrams in Fig. 1.3 to show the three stereoisomers of $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_2(en)_2]^{2+}$. The $en$ ligand may be shown as N-N.
State the different types of stereoisomerism shown by $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_2(en)_2]^{2+}$.
Identify one isomer from part (c)(ii) that is polar. Explain your answer.
The mineral ore cryolite, $\text{Na}_3\text{AlF}_6$, contains one anion that is a complex ion. Complete Table 1.1 to suggest the formula of the complex ion and to identify the ligand present in $\text{Na}_3\text{AlF}_6$.
When a solution of $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ in molten cryolite is electrolysed, aluminium metal forms at the cathode. The equation is shown: $\text{Al}^{3+} + 3\text{e}^- \rightarrow \text{Al}$. Calculate the maximum mass of aluminium produced when a current of $1.5\,\text{A}$ is passed through this solution for $30$ minutes. Give your answer to two significant figures.