Using the species formulae in this reaction, identify the ions that make up a conjugate acid-base pair. Show which one is the conjugate acid and which one is the conjugate base.
What is meant by buffer solution?
Write two equations to demonstrate how a mixture of $(\text{Na}^+)_{2}(\text{HPO}_4^{2-})$ and $\text{Na}^+(\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^{-})$ can function as a buffer solution.
Name one inorganic ion that acts as a buffer in blood.
Compound E is the hydroxide of a Group 2 element. Compound E is a strong alkali. $2.63\,\text{g}$ of E is dissolved in water to make $250\,\text{cm}^3$ of solution F. Solution F has a pH of $13.09$ at $298\,\text{K}$. Show that the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution F is $0.123\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$.
Explain why the concentration of compound E in solution F is $0.0615\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$.
Use the concentration given in (ii) to identify compound E.
Compound E is far more soluble than magnesium hydroxide. A saturated solution of magnesium hydroxide in water has a concentration of $1.40 \times 10^{-4}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$ at $298\,\text{K}$. Calculate the solubility product, $K_{sp}$, of magnesium hydroxide. Include units.
Explain why compound E is much more soluble than magnesium hydroxide.