(a(i))
Why are nitrate, $\text{NO}_3^{-}$, ions hard to remove from groundwater?
(a(ii))[4]
State which ions in the table above are likely to be removed from the water by treatment with powdered limestone, $\text{CaCO}_3$, and explain each of your answers.
(b(i))
Nitrates and phosphates may enter water courses such as rivers or streams because of human activity. Both ions act as nutrients for algae. What is the origin of these nitrates?
(b(ii))[1]
Suggest an origin for the phosphates found in water courses.
(b(iii))[1]
What effect do nitrates and phosphates have on water courses?
(c(i))[1]
Write equations to show how acid rain is produced from sulfur dioxide, $\text{SO}_2$.
(c(ii))[1]
Using fossil fuels is one major source of sulfur dioxide. Name a different major industrial source.