Using $\text{HZ}$ to denote a Brønsted-Lowry acid, write equations showing these substances acting as Brønsted-Lowry bases: $\text{NH}_3$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$.
Using $\text{B}^-$ to denote a Brønsted-Lowry base, write equations showing these substances acting as Brønsted-Lowry acids: $\text{NH}_3$ and $\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$.
State briefly what the term reversible reaction means.
State briefly what the term dynamic equilibrium means.
Explain the meaning of the term buffer solution.
Explain how a buffer solution works by means of a reversible reaction involving a Brønsted-Lowry acid such as $\text{HZ}$ and a Brønsted-Lowry base such as $\text{Z}^-$.
Propanoic acid, $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}$, is a weak acid and has $K_a = 1.34 \times 10^{-5}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Calculate the pH of a $0.500\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ solution of propanoic acid.
Buffer solution F was made by adding $0.0300\ \text{mol}$ of sodium hydroxide to $100\ \text{cm}^3$ of a $0.500\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ propanoic acid solution. Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and propanoic acid.
Calculate the concentrations of propanoic acid and sodium propanoate in buffer solution F.
Calculate the pH of buffer solution F.
Phenyl propanoate cannot be produced directly from propanoic acid and phenol. Suggest the identities of the intermediate $\text{G}$, the reagent $\text{H}$ and the by-product $\text{J}$ in the reaction scheme shown.