Identify the two conjugate acid-base pairs present in this reaction.
The value for the acid dissociation constant, $K_a$, of $\text{HClO(aq)}$ is $3.70 \times 10^{-8}$. Calculate the concentration, in $\text{mol dm}^{-3}$, of $\text{HClO(aq)}$ at a pH of 4.51.
When a solution of $\text{HClO(aq)}$ is heated, chloric(V) acid and a strong acid containing no oxygen are produced as the only products. Write an equation for this reaction.
Define a buffer solution in words.
Suggest a substance that could be added to aqueous ethanoic acid to make a buffer solution. Explain your answer.
Write two equations showing how $\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^-$ ions can behave as a buffer.
At $25\,^{\circ}\text{C}$, the solubility of calcium phosphate, $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$, is $1.14 \times 10^{-7}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. The solubility product expression, $K_{sp}$, for $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$ is given as $K_{sp} = [\text{Ca}^{2+}]^3[\text{PO}_4^{3-}]^2$. Calculate $K_{sp}$ for $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$. Include units.
A small amount of solid sodium phosphate is added to a saturated solution of $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$. Predict the effect, if any, on the solubility of $\text{Ca}_3(\text{PO}_4)_2$. Explain your answer.