Define the meaning of standard electrode potential.
Draw a fully labelled apparatus diagram suitable for measuring the standard cell potential, $E^\circ_{\text{cell}}$, of $\text{Au}^{3+}(aq)/\text{Au}(s)$ and $\text{HNO}_3(aq)/\text{NO}(g)$. Include every required chemical.
Write an ionic equation to represent the spontaneous reaction taking place when current is drawn from the cell in (a)(ii).
Calculate the $E^\circ_{\text{cell}}$ for the reaction in (a)(iii).
Gold may be oxidised by a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid, called aqua regia. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is $12\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Concentrated nitric acid is $16\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Explain why aqua regia can dissolve gold. In your answer, state and explain the effect of using concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid on the $E$ values of half-equations 2 and 3.
Write an equation for the reaction of $\text{AuCl}_3$ with $\text{H}_2\text{O}_2$.
Determine the rate equation for the reaction. Support your answer by quoting data from the table.
Use the results from experiment 2 to calculate the value of the rate constant, $k$, for this reaction. Give the units of $k$.
$\text{AlF}_3$ is an ionic compound. The Born-Haber cycle for the formation of $\text{AlF}_3$ is shown. Name the enthalpy changes labelled $\Delta H_4$ and $\Delta H_6$.
Use the table data and information from the Data Booklet to calculate the lattice energy of $\text{AlF}_3$.
Scandium fluoride, $\text{ScF}_3$, is an ionic compound. Use data from the Data Booklet to suggest how the lattice energy of $\text{AlF}_3$ compares with the lattice energy of $\text{ScF}_3$. Explain your answer.
$\text{AlF}_3$ is sparingly soluble in water. The concentration of its saturated solution at $298\,\text{K}$ is $6.5 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{mol dm}^{-3}$. Write an expression for the solubility product, $K_{sp}$, of $\text{AlF}_3$.
Calculate the numerical value of $K_{sp}$ for $\text{AlF}_3$ at $298\,\text{K}$.