Complete the electronic configuration for the $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ ion below. $1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6$ …
Explain the reason for this effect.
How does this splitting account for the fact that transition metal complexes are often coloured?
Why does the colour of a transition metal complex vary with the identity of the ligands around the transition metal ion?
Draw a fully labelled diagram of the apparatus that could be used to measure the $E^\circ$ of a cell made from the $\text{Fe}^{3+}/\text{Fe}^{2+}$ electrode and the $\text{Cu}^{2+}/\text{Cu}$ electrode.
Describe the type of reaction occurring between $\text{Cu}^{2+}(aq)$ and $\text{NH}_3(aq)$.
Write an equation for the reaction.
Describe the colour change of the solution.
Predict and explain how $E_{\text{electrode}}$ could change when $\text{NH}_3(aq)$ is added.
Name the functional group involved.
Describe what a positive result looks like in this test.
Write an equation for the reaction between $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ and $\text{OH}^-$ ions and a two-carbon compound containing the functional group you named in (i).
A mixture of tartaric acid and its sodium salt can act as a buffer in some ready-made food dishes. Calculate the pH of a solution containing $0.50\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ tartaric acid and $0.80\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$ sodium tartrate. $K_a(\text{tartaric acid}) = 9.3 \times 10^{-4}\ \text{mol dm}^{-3}$.