Define what is meant by transition element.
State how the melting point and density of iron compare with those of calcium.
Define what is meant by standard cell potential, $E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}}$.
Draw a fully labelled diagram of the apparatus used to measure the cell potential of a cell made from a Cu(II)/Cu electrode and an Fe(III)/Fe(II) electrode. Include all required reactants.
Use equations to show the catalytic function of $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ in the reaction between $\text{S}_2\text{O}_8^{2-}(aq)$ and $\text{I}^-(aq)$.
$\text{Fe}^{3+}(aq)$ can oxidise $\text{I}^-(aq)$, whereas $[\text{Fe(CN)}_6]^{3-}(aq)$ cannot oxidise $\text{I}^-(aq)$. Use $E^{\circ}$ values to explain these observations.
Suggest why this reaction proceeds slowly without the $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ catalyst.
Use the overall equation to work out the half-equation for the oxidation of tartrate ions, $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{O}_6^{2-}$, to carbon dioxide, $\text{CO}_2$, and methanoate ions, $\text{HCO}_2^-$. $\text{C}_4\text{H}_4\text{O}_6^{2-} + \ldots \rightleftharpoons \ldots$
Complete the table to show the structures of the organic products formed when tartaric acid reacts separately with each reagent. Identify the type of reaction in each case.
Tartaric acid reacts with the amine 1-phenylethylamine, $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CH}(\text{NH}_2)\text{CH}_3$, to produce an ionic salt. Draw the structure of the salt formed in this reaction. Include the charges on the ions.