Fill in the electronic configurations for a Cu atom and a Cu$^{+}$ ion. Each one begins $ ext{1s}^2\text{2s}^2\text{2p}^6\,\ldots$
Cu$^{+}$ ions make a linear complex with $ ext{Cl}^-$ ions, which act as monodentate ligands. Draw this complex and include its overall charge.
In aqueous solution, Cu$^{2+}$ ions are present as $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_6]^{2+}$ complex ions. Complete a three-dimensional diagram to show the shape of this complex. Name the shape. Label and state the value of one bond angle.
When $\text{NH}_3(\text{aq})$ is introduced to Cu$^{2+}(\text{aq})$, first dropwise and then in excess, two reactions take place: $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_6]^{2+} \xrightarrow{\text{dropwise }\text{NH}_3} A \xrightarrow{\text{excess }\text{NH}_3} B$. For each stage, describe the observation and write an equation.
EDTA$^{4-}$ is a polydentate ligand. When a solution of EDTA$^{4-}$ is added to a solution containing $[\text{Cu(H}_2\text{O)}_6]^{2+}$, a new complex with formula $[\text{CuEDTA}]^{2-}$ is formed. Name the type of reaction taking place here.
Write an expression for the stability constant, $K_{\text{stab}}$, of $[\text{CuEDTA}]^{2-}$ in this reaction.
The numerical value of $K_{\text{stab}}$ for $[\text{CuEDTA}]^{2-}$ is $6.3 \times 10^{19}$ at $298\,\text{K}$. State what this indicates about the $[\text{CuEDTA}]^{2-}$ complex ion.
Ethanedioate ions, $\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}$, can act as a bidentate ligand. Explain what the term bidentate ligand means.
When ethanedioate ions are added to a solution of zirconium ions, $\text{Zr}^{4+}$, a complex ion containing four $\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}$ ions and one $\text{Zr}^{4+}$ ion is formed. In this complex, all four ethanedioate ions behave as bidentate ligands. Give the formula of this complex ion and explain why it is not octahedral.