Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Chemistry of transition elements

Chemistry of transition elements — practice question

Cobalt is classed as a transition element and has atomic number 27. It can form ions with charges of $+2$ and $+3$, and both ions are able to form complexes.
(a)[2]

Complete the electronic configurations for a Co atom and a $\text{Co}^{2+}$ ion. Co atom $1s^22s^22p^6$ ................. $\text{Co}^{2+}$ ion $1s^22s^22p^6$ .................

(b(i))[1]

What does the term complex ion mean?

(b(ii))[2]

Draw the tetrahedral complex ion made by one $\text{Co}^{2+}$ ion and four $\text{Cl}^-$ ions. Your drawing should clearly show the three-dimensional shape and should state the overall charge on the ion.

(b(iii))[3]

Explain why many transition metal complexes have colour.

(b(iv))[1]

Using ideas from your answer to (iii), suggest why the complex formed from one $\text{Co}^{2+}$ ion and four $\text{Cl}^-$ ions is blue.

(c)[2]

Describe the colour change that happens when water is added to blue crystals of the cobalt(II)-chloride complex. Name the type of reaction responsible for this colour change. colour change ............. type of reaction .............

(d(i))[1]

In this reaction, $\text{Co}^{2+}(aq)$ is oxidised to $\text{Co}^{3+}(aq)$. Use the Data Booklet to suggest one suitable oxidising agent for this reaction.

(d(ii))[1]

Calculate the $E^\circ_{\text{cell}}$ for this reaction.

(d(iii))[1]

Write an equation for the reaction of $\text{Co}^{2+}$ with the oxidising agent you chose in (d)(i).

(e)[3]

Cobalt(III) can form two octahedral isomers with the formula $[\text{Co(NH}_3)_3(\text{NO}_2)_3]$. The $\text{NO}_2^-$ ion is monodentate. Complete the diagrams to show the three-dimensional structures of the two isomers, and name the type of isomerism shown here.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 17-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: accurate electron configuration $3s^23p^63d^74s^2$

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