Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Chemistry of transition elements

Chemistry of transition elements — practice question

Iron is a transition metal placed in Group 8 of the Periodic Table.
(a(i))[1]

Explain why iron shows variable oxidation states.

(a(ii))[1]

Complete the shorthand electronic configurations of Fe and $\text{Fe}^{3+}$. Fe \quad $[\text{Ar}]\,\ldots$ $\text{Fe}^{3+}$ \quad $[\text{Ar}]\,\ldots$

(b(i))[1]

Define the term complex.

(b(ii))[1]

State the coordination number of Fe in $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{3+}$.

(b(iii))[1]

The $\text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H}$ bond angle in water is $104.5^{\circ}$. Suggest the $\text{H}-\text{O}-\text{H}$ bond angle in $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{3+}$. Explain your answer.

(b(iv))[3]

Explain why iron complexes are coloured.

(b(v))[2]

Aqueous solutions of complexes $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{3+}$ and $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5\text{SCN}]^{2+}$ are different colours. Explain why these complexes are different colours.

(iv)[3]

Explain why iron complexes are coloured.

(v)[2]

The aqueous solutions of $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{3+}$ and $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5\text{SCN}]^{2+}$ do not have the same colour. Explain why.

(c(i))[1]

$[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5(\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4)]^{2+}$ can be formed when $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$ reacts with $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_6]^{3+}$. Write an equation for this reaction.

(c(ii))[2]

Write an expression for $K_{\text{stab}}$ of $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5\text{SCN}]^{2+}$ and state its units.

(c(iii))[1]

Use the stability constant data in Table 3.1 to calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, $K_c$, for the following equilibrium: $[\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5(\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4)]^{2+} + \text{SCN}^- \rightleftharpoons [\text{Fe}(\text{H}_2\text{O})_5\text{SCN}]^{2+} + \text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^-$

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 19-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: The energies of the 3d and 4s orbitals are close together OR the energy difference between them is small.

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