Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Chemical energetics

Chemical energetics — practice question

A capsule of sodium azide, $\text{NaN}_3$, is present in most car air bags. In a crash, the $\text{NaN}_3$ breaks down into its elements.
(a)[1]

Write an equation for the decomposition of $\text{NaN}_3$.

(b)[3]

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram for the azide ion, $\text{N}_3^-$. Apply the electron key that is provided.

(c(i))[2]

Lattice energies are always negative, which shows that they are exothermic changes. Explain what is meant by the term lattice energy.

(c(ii))[1]

Explain why lattice energy is an exothermic change.

(c(iii))[3]

Use the data below and any relevant values from the Data Booklet to calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation, $\Delta H_f^\circ$, of $\text{NaN}_3(s)$. Give a sign in your answer. Show all of your working. Data: lattice energy, $\Delta H_{\text{latt}}^\circ$, of $\text{NaN}_3(s)$ is $-732\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$; standard enthalpy change of atomisation, $\Delta H_{\text{at}}^\circ$, of $\text{Na}(g)$ is $+107\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$; standard enthalpy change, $\Delta H^\circ$, for $\tfrac{1}{2}\text{N}_2(g) + e^- \rightarrow \text{N}_3^-(g)$ is $+142\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. $\Delta H_f^\circ$ of $\text{NaN}_3(s) = \ldots\ldots\ldots\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$.

(c(iv))[1]

The lattice energy, $\Delta H_{\text{latt}}^\circ$, of $\text{RbN}_3(s)$ is $-636\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. Suggest why the lattice energy of $\text{NaN}_3(s)$, $-732\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$, is more exothermic than that of $\text{RbN}_3(s)$.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: The balanced equation is: $NaN_3 \rightarrow Na + 1.5N_2$.

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