Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Chemical energetics

Chemical energetics — practice question

The feasibility (spontaneity) of a chemical reaction is determined by the standard Gibbs free energy change, $\Delta G^\circ$. This is linked to the standard enthalpy and entropy changes through the equation $\Delta G^\circ = \Delta H^\circ - T\Delta S^\circ$.
(a(i))[1]

State and explain whether the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid will cause entropy to increase or decrease.

(a(ii))[1]

State and explain whether dissolving solid potassium chloride in water will lead to an increase or decrease in entropy.

(a(iii))[1]

State and explain whether steam condensing to water will lead to an increase or decrease in entropy.

(b(i))[3]

Magnesium carbonate can decompose according to $\text{MgCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{MgO}(s) + \text{CO}_2(g)$, $\Delta H^\circ = +117\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$. Standard entropies are supplied. Calculate $\Delta G^\circ$ for this reaction at $298\,\text{K}$. Include the correct sign and give your answer to three significant figures.

(b(ii))[1]

Explain, with reference to $\Delta G^\circ$, why this reaction is more feasible at higher temperatures.

(c)[2]

When heated, sodium hydrogencarbonate breaks down into sodium carbonate according to $2\text{NaHCO}_3(s) \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3(s) + \text{CO}_2(g) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(g)$, $\Delta H^\circ = +130\,\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$, $\Delta S^\circ = +316\,\text{J mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}$. Calculate the minimum temperature at which this reaction becomes spontaneous (feasible). Show your working.

(d)[2]

The solubility of Group 2 sulfates falls down the Group. Explain this trend.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 11-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Entropy increases / is positive because $H_2$ gas is produced

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