Complete the diagram so that the mechanism for reaction 1 is shown. Include every required charge, partial charge, lone pair and curly arrow.
State the name of the reaction type in reaction 3.
Describe and explain how the infra-red spectrum of $W$ differs from that of propanoic acid.
Reactions 4 and 5 use the same reagent. Give the reagent and the conditions required for reaction 4.
Give the conditions required for reaction 5.
Under suitable conditions, ethanol and propanoic acid undergo a condensation reaction. State the condition needed for the reaction.
Draw the skeletal formula for the organic product of this reaction.
Give the name of the organic product of this reaction.
Depending on the conditions shown, V reacts with acidified manganate(VII) ions in two different ways. Hot, concentrated $\text{MnO}_4^-/\text{H}^+$ produces propanoic acid as the only organic product, whereas cold, dilute $\text{MnO}_4^-/\text{H}^+$ gives T, which has two chiral centres. V decolourises bromine water. Give the structural formulae of V and T.
Identify the types of stereoisomerism displayed by V and T.