(a)[6]
The reactions of malic acid are illustrated below. In the boxes below, write the structural formulae of organic compounds A to F.
(b)[3]
What reaction type is shown by each conversion below? malic acid into C C into D C into E
(c)[1]
Suggest one major commercial use of compounds such as A or B.
(d(i))[3]
Malic acid is chiral. Draw fully displayed formulae of the two optical isomers of malic acid. Mark the chiral carbon atom with an asterisk $(*)$.
(d(ii))[3]
Compound C also exhibits stereoisomerism. Draw the skeletal formulae of each stereoisomer of C. Label each isomer.
(e)[3]
The food additive E330 is another organic compound that occurs naturally in fruit. E330 has the following composition by mass: C, $37.5\%$; H, $4.17\%$; O, $58.3\%$. Calculate the empirical formula of E330.