Both white phosphorus and red phosphorus contain covalent bonding. Suggest the kinds of structure shown by white phosphorus ($\text{P}_4$) and red phosphorus ($\text{P}$). Explain why red phosphorus ($\text{P}$) has a higher melting point than white phosphorus ($\text{P}_4$).
Red phosphorus ($\text{P}$) is produced when white phosphorus ($\text{P}_4$) is exposed to sunlight. $\frac{1}{4}\text{P}_4(s) \rightarrow \text{P}(s)$ \quad $\Delta H = -17.6\ \text{kJ mol}^{-1}$ Use this information to draw a reaction pathway diagram showing the conversion of white phosphorus ($\text{P}_4$) into red phosphorus ($\text{P}$).
State the oxidation number for phosphorus in $\text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}$.
Deduce the identity of $Q$ and hence write chemical equations for reactions 1 and 2. reaction 1: $\text{PCl}_5 + \ldots \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \ldots$ reaction 2: $\text{P}_4\text{O}_{10} + \ldots \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \ldots$
Give the empirical formula for triphenylphosphine.
State the reaction types occurring in stages 1 and 2. Stage 1: $\ldots$ Stage 2: $\ldots$
Draw the structures for $G$ and $H$ in the boxes provided.
Identify the organic products produced when compound $J$, shown, is heated with hot concentrated acidified manganate(VII) ions.