Chemistry 9701 · AS & A Level · Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry

Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry — practice question

The table gives successive ionisation energies for the elements from magnesium through to barium.
(a(i))[3]

Explain why the first ionisation energies decrease down the group.

(a(ii))[2]

Explain why, for each element, there is a large jump between the 2nd and 3rd ionisation energies.

(b(i))[1]

Write the full electronic configuration of strontium. $1s^2\ 2s^2\ 2p^6\ \ldots$

(b(ii))[1]

Explain why the mass spectrum of strontium has four separate peaks.

(b(iii))[2]

Calculate the atomic mass, $A_r$, for this sample of strontium. Give your answer correct to three significant figures.

(c(i))[1]

Explain, using electron transfer, what the term oxidising agent means.

(c(ii))[3]

The percentage composition by mass of $A$ is Ba, $45.1$; Cl, $23.4$; O, $31.5$. Calculate the empirical formula for $A$.

(d(i))[3]

State the formulae of the compounds $X$, $Y$ and $Z$.

(d(ii))[2]

State the reagent required to turn $Y(s)$ into $Z(aq)$ in reaction $1$, and write an equation for the reaction.

(d(iii))[1]

How would you convert a sample of $Z(s)$ to $Y(s)$ in reaction $2$?

(d(iv))[2]

Write equations for the conversions of Mg into $X$, and $Z(s)$ into $Y$. Mg to $X$. $Z$ to $Y$.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 21-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Greater distance of outer/valence electron(s)/shell from the nucleus

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