Give the systematic name for allyl chloride.
Allyl chloride may be made by several different routes. The usual method is chlorination of propene, which occurs by a free-radical substitution mechanism.
In the initiation step of this reaction, chlorine radicals ($\text{Cl}^\bullet$) are generated from $\text{Cl}_2$ molecules. State the conditions needed to start this reaction.
The propenyl radical, $\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CHCH}_2^\bullet$, is produced in the first propagation stage of the reaction. Write an equation to show how $\text{CH}_2{=}\text{CHCH}_2^\bullet$ is formed in this propagation step.
Explain why the free-radical substitution reaction produces only a low yield of allyl chloride.
Allyl chloride can also be made by the substitution reaction below. Suggest the identity of reagent X.
A sequence of reactions beginning with allyl chloride is shown.
Suggest a reagent that may be used in reaction 1.
In reaction 2, the organic product from reaction 1 is combined with concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ and an organic acid, then heated under reflux. State the function of the concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$. Identify the organic acid that is used.
State the name of the mechanism taking place in reaction 3.
The organic product from reaction 3 is Y. Y may be hydrolysed with excess aqueous $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ to give Z. The molecular formula of Z is $\text{C}_4\text{H}_8\text{O}_4$. Draw the structure of Z.
$2$-bromo-$1$-chloropropane, $\text{CH}_3\text{CHBrCH}_2\text{Cl}$, is the main product formed when allyl chloride reacts with $\text{HBr}$. Explain why $2$-bromo-$1$-chloropropane is the major product of this reaction.