Fill in the table to show which compound in the mixture gives rise to each of the peaks X, Y and Z. Support your choice by referring to the intermolecular forces in the compounds.
A student measures the areas beneath the three peaks on the chromatogram. The area under each peak is proportional to the mass of that compound. Calculate the percentage by mass, in the original mixture, of the compound that produces peak Z.
A halogenoalkane that contains one chlorine atom or one bromine atom will show an extra peak at $M+2$ in its mass spectrum. State the chlorine and bromine isotopes that are responsible for $M+2$ peaks.
The mass spectrum of bromochloromethane, $\text{CH}_2\text{BrCl}$, includes a molecular ion peak, $M$, at $m/z = 128$. It also shows $M+2$ and $M+4$ peaks. Suggest which molecular ions are responsible for these peaks.
Halogenoalkanes may be made by reacting an alkene with a hydrogen halide. Methylpropene reacts with hydrogen bromide to produce 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. Draw the mechanism for this reaction. Include every relevant curly arrow, dipole and charge.
1-bromo-2-methylpropane is also produced in this reaction. Explain why 2-bromo-2-methylpropane will be the major product in this reaction.
Methylpropene reacts with hydrogen bromide to form 2-bromo-2-methylpropane as shown. (Structures given).
Explain the meaning of the term partition coefficient, $K_{\text{partition}}$.
The partition coefficient of organic compound $H$ between dichloromethane and water is $4.75$. $2.50\,\text{g}$ of compound $H$ was dissolved in water and made up to $100\,\text{cm}^3$ in a volumetric flask. $50\,\text{cm}^3$ of this aqueous solution were shaken with $10\,\text{cm}^3$ of dichloromethane. Calculate the mass of compound $H$ that was extracted into the dichloromethane.