M reacts to form R through the addition of one reagent, as shown in Fig. 5.1. Identify the reagent and conditions for this reaction.
R is also prepared from M in two steps, as shown in Fig. 5.2. Identify the reagents and conditions for steps 1 and 2 in Fig. 5.2.
Name the mechanism for step 1 in Fig. 5.2.
The infrared spectrum of R is shown in Fig. 5.3. Use the absorptions in the region above $1500\text{ cm}^{-1}$ in Table 5.1 when answering this question.\n\nAdd F to Fig. 5.3 to show the peak that appears in the infrared spectrum of both Q and R. Identify the bond responsible for the absorption of F.\n\nAdd G to Fig. 5.3 to show the peak that does not appear in the infrared spectrum of Q. Identify the bond responsible for the absorption of G.
Draw the structure of W in the box in Fig. 5.4.
In step 2, W is heated with $\text{HCl(aq)}$ to produce X and an inorganic product. Identify the formula of the inorganic product.
In step 3, X reacts with reducing agent Z to form Y. Complete the equation for the reaction of X with Z. Use a molecular formula for the organic product. Use $[\text{H}]$ to show one atom of hydrogen from Z.\n\n$\ldots\ldots\, \text{C}_8\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_4 + \ldots\ldots\, [\text{H}] \rightarrow \ldots\ldots$
Identify Z.