Once the DNA has been extracted and purified, what is the initial step in analysing a sample of DNA?
What method can be used to increase the amount of DNA available for analysis?
During electrophoresis, amino acids can migrate in different directions or not move at all, whereas DNA fragments always migrate in one direction. Explain why these two observations occur.
DNA fingerprinting can also be useful in archaeology. Which of the following would not be suitable for analysis by DNA fingerprinting? Put a cross (x) in the correct box(es).
X-ray crystallography can be used to help analyse the structure of macromolecules. What information does this technique provide about a particular macromolecule?
Which element will appear most strongly in the X-ray crystallography of a biological polymer with general formula $\text{C}_v\text{H}_w\text{P}_x\text{N}_y\text{O}_z$? Explain your answer.
Explain what is meant by the term partition coefficient.
The partition coefficient for a certain pesticide between hexane and water is $6.0$. A solution has $0.0042\,\text{g}$ of the pesticide dissolved in $25\,\text{cm}^3$ of water. The solution is then shaken with $25\,\text{cm}^3$ of hexane. Calculate the mass of pesticide that will be present in the hexane layer at equilibrium.