$\text{P}$ is optically active. Put an asterisk (*) next to every chiral carbon atom on the structure of $\text{P}$ in Fig. 7.1.
Pass plane polarised light through a pure sample of one enantiomer of $\text{P}$. Repeat this with a pure sample of the other enantiomer of $\text{P}$. Describe what happens in the two tests, including both the similarities and the differences.
$\text{P}$ can be used to make compound $\text{Q}$ in a single step reaction. Give the structural formula of the compound added to $\text{P}$ to make $\text{Q}$ and give the formula of the other product in this reaction. Compound added to $\text{P}$. Other product.
The structure of compound $P$ appears in Fig. 7.1.
$P$ can be used to produce compound $Q$ in one step.
If an ester is treated with LiAlH$_4$ in dry ether, the ester bond is split by the addition of four hydrogen atoms and two alcohols are formed. Draw the structures of the compounds produced when $Q$ is treated with excess LiAlH$_4$ in dry ether.
Compare the relative basicities of compound $P$, compound $Q$ and phenylamine. least basic < ........................ < .......................... most basic Explain your answer.
$P$ can be used to make compound $R$ in a two-step reaction, as illustrated in Fig. 7.2.
Identify the reagents and conditions used in the two stages of the reaction. step 1 ............................................................... step 2 ...............................................................
Complete Table 7.1 by drawing the structures of the organic products formed when $R$ is treated separately with the reagents shown. reagent: HNO$_2$(aq) at $4\,^{\circ}\text{C}$ reagent: an excess of Br$_2$(aq) at room temperature
$P$ can be used to make compound $T$.
$T$ has a property in aqueous solution called an isoelectric point. Explain what is meant by isoelectric point.
$T$ can polymerise under suitable conditions. No other monomer takes part in this reaction. Draw part of the polymer chain formed that contains three $T$ monomers. Identify the repeat unit on your diagram.