State the relative acidities of bromoethanoic acid, $\mathrm{BrCH_2COOH}$, chloroethanoic acid, $\mathrm{ClCH_2COOH}$, ethanoic acid, $\mathrm{CH_3COOH}$ and ethanol, $\mathrm{CH_3CH_2OH}$. Then explain your answer.
Fig. 7.1 shows the reaction of methylbenzene and ethanedioic acid with $\mathrm{KMnO_4}$. Predict the major carbon-containing product for each reaction.
Polyamide X can be made from ethanedioic acid and benzene-1,4-diamine. Draw the repeat unit of polyamide X in the box. The newly formed functional group should be displayed.
Benzene-1,4-diamine can be produced by reducing 1,4-dinitrobenzene. Complete the equation for this reduction. $[\mathrm{H}]$ denotes one atom of hydrogen from a reducing agent.
Suggest structures for compounds V and W, then draw them in the boxes in Fig. 7.2.
Give the reagents and conditions needed for step 1.