Explain what is meant by a closed double circulation.
Fig. 3.1 is a diagram showing the tertiary and quaternary structure of a haemoglobin molecule.
Explain how the tertiary and quaternary protein structure of haemoglobin helps it transport oxygen.
After a period at altitude, a person may become acclimatised. One feature of acclimatisation is an increase in the red blood cell count. Explain the importance of this increase in the red blood cell count.
Before acclimatisation takes place, some people develop acute mountain sickness when they travel to high altitude areas. Acetazolamide is a non-competitive enzyme inhibitor used as a drug to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. Explain the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the rate of enzyme activity.
Using Fig. 3.3 as a reference, describe how carbon monoxide affects the cardiovascular system.