Biology 9700 · AS & A Level · Transport mechanisms

Transport mechanisms — practice question

Hakea spp. are xerophytic plants that originate in Australia. The leaves of Hakea show adaptations for life in xerophytic conditions.
(a)[3]

Fig. 3.1 shows a photomicrograph of a transverse section of part of a leaf of H. laurina. Describe the xerophytic features of the waxy cuticle and the stoma visible in Fig. 3.1 and explain how these features adapt the plant for a xerophytic mode of life.

(b(i))[3]

Meristem cells play a similar part to stem cells in animals. Suggest how meristematic tissue activity causes root clusters to form.

(b(ii))[3]

Organic anions (negatively charged organic compounds) are released into the soil by rootlets. The concentration of these organic anions can rise higher in the soil solution than in the rootlet cells. Suggest and explain how the concentration of organic anions in the soil solution can become higher than in the rootlet cells.

(b(iii))[2]

Explain how the formation of root clusters can lead to greater uptake of phosphate ions and absorption of water from the soil solution.

(i)[3]

Meristem cells play a similar part to stem cells in animals. Suggest how meristematic tissue activity causes root clusters to form.

(ii)[3]

Organic anions (negatively charged organic compounds) are released into the soil by rootlets. The concentration of these organic anions can become higher in the soil solution than in the rootlet cells. Suggest and explain how the concentration of organic anions in the soil solution can become higher than in the rootlet cells.

(iii)[2]

Explain how the formation of root clusters can lead to greater uptake of phosphate ions and absorption of water from the soil solution.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 19-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: Lowers transpiration / evaporation

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