(a)[2]
Explain what is meant by closed and double when these terms are used for mammalian circulatory systems.
(b)[4]
Use label lines and the letters P, Q, R and S to identify the following on Fig. 5.1: P the right atrium Q a semilunar valve R a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood S the position of Purkyne tissue
(c(i))[2]
Calculate the heart rate over the time of the investigation. Show your working.
(c(ii))[4]
Describe and explain how the pressure changes as the catheter passes from the aorta into the left ventricle.
(d(i))[1]
Name the blood vessels shown in Fig. 5.3.
(d(ii))[1]
State the likely outcome of narrowing these blood vessels.
(e)[2]
Suggest ways in which the condition shown in Fig. 5.3 may be treated.