Name molecule Y in Fig. 6.1.
Explain how Fig. 6.1 shows that glycolysis involves oxidation.
It was formerly believed that oxidative phosphorylation from one molecule of reduced NAD produces $3$ ATP molecules, while one molecule of reduced FAD produces $2$ ATP molecules. By using Fig. 6.1, a theoretical value for the net number of ATP molecules synthesised from each molecule of glucose can be worked out. Current research has shown that the real net number of ATP molecules synthesised per glucose molecule respired is much smaller than this theoretical figure.
Using Fig. 6.1, calculate the theoretical value for the net number of ATP molecules that are synthesised for each molecule of glucose respired in all phosphorylation reactions. Show your working.
Suggest two reasons why the actual net number of ATP molecules synthesised is less than the theoretical number.
Outline the roles of NAD and FAD in aerobic respiration.
Rotenone is used as an insecticide. Rotenone kills insects by inhibiting the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain of the mitochondrion. Explain how rotenone affects ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion.