(a)[2]
Fig. 8.1 shows an electron micrograph of a slice through a mitochondrion. Name X and Y.
(b)
Fig. 8.2 shows the early stages of respiration.
(b(i))[1]
With reference to Fig. 8.2, explain why ATP is required at the start of glycolysis.
(b(ii))[1]
State the role of NAD in glycolysis.
(b(iii))[1]
State how many molecules of ATP are produced from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis.
(b(iv))[2]
Name the two reaction types that take place when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the link reaction.
(b(v))[1]
Name the site, within the mitochondrion, where the link reaction occurs.
(b(vi))[2]
Describe the fate of the hydrogen released in the link reaction.
(c)[5]
Explain why ATP is considered the universal energy currency in organisms.