(a)[5]
With reference to Fig. 6.1: • name stage X • state the exact location of stage Y • state the numbered steps in stage Y where decarboxylation occurs • name the reaction type used to make ATP in step 3 • name substances Q and R.
(b)[2]
If cell division is uncontrolled, a cancerous tumour can develop. Many cancer cells break down the amino acid glutamine and change it into a 5-carbon intermediate compound, which is shown in Fig. 6.1. Suggest how the breakdown of glutamine can lead to ATP production in a cancer cell, apart from that directly produced during step 3.