Restriction endonucleases are applied in genetic modification. These enzymes are found naturally in prokaryotic cells. More than 3500 different restriction endonucleases have been identified, and many more are believed still to be undiscovered. Name two domains that are a source of restriction endonucleases.
At first, restriction endonuclease was obtained by growing very large numbers of the particular prokaryotic cells that produce the enzyme, then lysing the cells and extracting and purifying the restriction endonuclease. This earlier approach yielded only a small amount of restriction endonuclease and was not cost-effective. The more recent method for mass production is to take the gene that codes for a specific restriction endonuclease and insert it into Escherichia coli, using a promoter that permits the gene to be expressed continuously. The newer approach raises the amount of specific restriction endonuclease produced. Suggest and explain the steps required to carry out the newer method for large-scale production of a specific restriction endonuclease.
Describe the benefits of databases for the study and use of restriction endonucleases.
Electrophoresis is a technique used in genetic technology. Paper chromatography is a technique used to investigate the photosynthetic pigments present in chloroplasts. Compare the similarities and differences between electrophoresis and chromatography.